Repeat breeder syndrome (RBS) in dairy cows significantly impacts farm profitability due to extended calving intervals and reduced milk yield. This review explores the multifaceted etiology of RBS, encompassing infectious (e.g., endometritis), hormonal, metabolic (e.g., negative energy balance), and management-related factors. Therapeutic strategies include hormonal therapies (GnRH, progesterone), antibiotics for infections, antioxidants, and ozone therapy. Improved breeding management, nutritional optimization, heat stress mitigation, and embryo transfer are also crucial. A holistic approach, integrating diagnostics and tailored treatment plans, is essential for improving reproductive efficiency and mitigating the economic burden of RBS on dairy operations.
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