Lameness is a multifactorial disorder and its etiology is complex and not clearly understood. Based on the available literature we can broadly classify the factors influencing the incidence of lameness as environmental and managemental factors, cow factors and nutritional factors. Deep bedded sand is a good bedding alternative and better option among the other comfortable flooring in terms of maintenance of cleanliness, better hoof health status, better grip to hoof. Rubber mats can be used in milking areas and feeding areas. Periodic hoof trimming protocol can help in early detection of lesions in healthy looking non-lame cows and can aid in taking management steps in advance.
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